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Sources of Finance - 4664 Words

Section 1 – Sources of Finance There are 4 main types of business ownership: †¢ Sole trader †¢ Partnership †¢ Private limited company (Ltd) †¢ Public limited company (Plc) Each of these types of business needs to raise finance for capital investment Sole Trader This is a business that is owned by one person. Sole Traders are responsible for raising all the finance to set up and run the business. Usually a sole trader would be for a small business/ (businesses with a flat organisational structure). A Sole Trader can be held responsible for all the debts of the firm. Most owners like to feel in control of their own business, so this may lead to many small businesses to stay as Sole Traders, even though this will†¦show more content†¦A fixed asset is anything that is not used in the production of goods or services; this includes things such as buildings, fixtures and fittings, machinery. When a business desperately needs money, it can decide to stop offering certain products or services and because of that it could start selling its fixed assets. |Advantage |Disadvantage | |The assets are ready to be sold |You are going to reduced the amount of assets the business has | | |got | Mortgage – A mortgage is a form of a long term loan, though it will tend to be on property or some other fixed asset. This is also known as a secured loan, this means that the loan is secured to the asset it was borrowed for. If lets say the person who has lent the money from the lender, then the lender can take legal proceedings to repossess the asset. There are two types of major mortgages which are; †¢ Repayment mortgages †¢ Interest only mortgages |Advantages |Disadvantages | |YouShow MoreRelatedsources of finance1286 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Sources of finance Some sources of finance are short term and must be paid back within a year. Other sources of finance are long term and can be paid back over many years. Internal sources of finance are funds found inside the business. For example, profits can be kept back to finance expansion. Alternatively the business can sell assets that are no longer really needed to free up cash. External sources of finance are found outside the business. For example from creditors or banks. InternalRead MoreSources of Finance1496 Words   |  6 PagesP3 Introduction For this task I will be considering the sources of finance I will need for my company. Why might a business require finance? A business may require finance because they can either: †¢ Be setting up a new business and they do not have enough money to start up. †¢ They may need new equipment to help make the business expand and make more profit. †¢ Or they may even want to replace old machinery. †¢ They may want to move there store to a better location that might benefit thereRead MoreSources of Finance1111 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In this essay we will be looking at different sources of finance available for different type of business. Also will be looking at the definitions of different type of sources of finance, the advantages, disadvantages and also giving reasons to why different sources of finance was chosen for the given case studies. Types of sources of finance Bank Loan – is a long term loan and will often be for large amount of money for starting up a business or to expanding. Business will agreeRead MoreSources of Finance972 Words   |  4 PagesSources of finance What are the main sources and finance for UK firms and why? All firms need some kind of financing. Access to finance may differ considerably from firm to firm depending on what type of business they are and how big/known they are; Sole Trader, Public Limited or Private Limited Company. There are both INTERNAL and EXTERNAL sources of finance. Finance can be short, medium or long term. Internal sources of Finance: 2 main types 1) Funds from the owner(s) and the familyRead MoreSources of Finance1627 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 2: Business Resources Assignment 4:P4 Sources of Finance Internal Sources of finance Owners’ savings- the owner of a business often has to use their own personal savings to start a business, particularly if they are a sole trader. This is because banks may not be willing to take a risk and invest in them. Savings are a good source of finance for a business, as interest does not need to be paid to someone else while the money is being used, and the business remains totally in theRead Moresources of finance2021 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Question:   IDENTIFY THE SOURCES OF FINANCE AVAILABLE TO A BUSINESS Answer: There are a number of ways of raising finance for a business. The type of finance chosen depends on the nature of the business. Large organisations are able to use a wider variety of finance sources than are smaller ones. Finance is not just needed when starting a new business, but you may be required to seek further finance even if you’re business is well established i-e further expansion, RD, new product launchRead MoreSource of Finance3105 Words   |  13 Pages1. Identify and describe the various sources of finance 1.1 Internal source 1.2 External sources 2. Assess the implication of the difference sources of finance related to risk, legal, financial and dilution of control and bankruptcy 2.1 Issue debt 2.2 Issue equity 3. Select appropriate sources of finance and make recommendations on the best ways of raising finance TASK 2: Part 1: Assess and compare various costs involve with each source of finance to Vale filters Limited Part 2: PrepareRead MoreSources of Finance1934 Words   |  8 PagesSources of Finance The financing of every business is the most fundamental aspect of its management. Get the financing right and the company will have a healthy business, positive cash flows and ultimately a profitable enterprise. The financing can happen at any stage of a business s development. On commencement of your enterprise the business entity will need finance to start up and, later on, finance to expand. Finance sources may be internal or external but they may also be short, medium orRead MoreSources of Finance7811 Words   |  32 PagesIntroduction - Sources of Finance Introduction to the Sources of Finance resource. Sources of Finance Introduction This resource is designed for use with Accounting courses at A level. This resource is relevant to the following: * AQA Module 5, Section 14.5: Types of Business Organisation, Sources of Finance * OCR Module 2505, Sections 5.3.2 and 5.6.2 For many businesses, the issue about where to get funds from for starting up, development and expansion can be crucial for the successRead MoreInternal Sources Of Finance And Finance Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesInternal sources of finance: Internal sources of finance are funds that arise from within the business such as profits as they can be retained to grow the finance and selling assets. Retained profit Retained profit is the money kept in the company after paying dividends. It is used to reinvest in the business or to pay debt. It comes by a business after it makes profit and is kept separate to use in other ways such as expanding the business by developing new buildings or certain areas, buying new

Is Sex Good for Our Health Free Essays

When you’re in the mood, it’s a sure bet that the last thing on your mind is boosting your immune system or maintaining a healthy weight. Yet good sex offers those health benefits and more. That’s a surprise to many people, says Joy Davidson, PhD, a New York psychologist and sex therapist. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Sex Good for Our Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Of course, sex is everywhere in the media,† she says. â€Å"But the idea that we are vital, sexual creatures is still looked at in some cases with disgust or in other cases a bit of embarrassment. So to really take a look at how our sexuality adds to our life and enhances our life and our health, both physical and psychological, is eye-opening for many people.† Sex does a body good in a number of ways, according to Davidson and other experts. The benefits aren’t just anecdotal or hearsay — each of these 10 health benefits of sex is backed by scientific scrutiny. Among the benefits of healthy loving in a relationship: Sex-Drive Killers Slideshow 1. Sex Relieves Stress A big health benefit of sex is lower blood pressure and overall stress reduction, according to researchers from Scotland who reported their findings in the journal Biological Psychology. They studied 24 women and 22 men who kept records of their sexual activity. Then the researchers subjected them to stressful situations — such as speaking in public and doing verbal arithmetic — and noted their blood pressure response to stress. Those who had intercourse had better responses to stress than those who engaged in other sexual behaviors or abstained. Another study published in the same journal found that frequent intercourse was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure in cohabiting participants. Yet other research found a link between partner hugs and lower blood pressure in women. 2. Sex Boosts Immunity Good sexual health may mean better physical health. Having sex once or twice a week has been linked with higher levels of an antibody called immunoglobulin A or IgA, which can protect you from getting colds and other infections. Scientists at Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., took samples of saliva, which contain IgA, from 112 college students who reported the frequency of sex they had. Those in the â€Å"frequent† group — once or twice a week — had higher levels of IgA than those in the other three groups — who reported being abstinent, having sex less than once a week, or having it very often, three or more times weekly. 3. Sex Burns Calories Thirty minutes of sex burns 85 calories or more. It may not sound like much, but it adds up: 42 half-hour sessions will burn 3,570 calories, more than enough to lose a pound. Doubling up, you could drop that pound in 21 hour-long sessions. â€Å"Sex is a great mode of exercise,† says Patti Britton, PhD, a Los Angeles sexologist and president of the American Association of Sexuality Educators and Therapists. It takes work, from both a physical and psychological perspective, to do it well, she says. How to cite Is Sex Good for Our Health, Essay examples

Oil and Gas Management SR Ltd

Question: Discuss the Oil and gas management in SR Ltd? Answer: 1. Introduction SR Ltd is one of the operating companies in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production service industry. As per the financial reports of 2014, the company had seven operating fields for exploration of oil and gas resources (Oilandgasuk.co.uk,2015). In the year 2015, the company acquired the right for test drill on three of the oil fields in Edwina, Felicity and Georgia. However since the company is trading in exploration of the sustainable fossil fuels hence the company has to engage huge capital for the purpose of test drilling and production of oil and gas in different fields. The report here focuses on the various challenges faced by SR ltd in execution of the test drilling process. After the initial analysis of the problems, the report seeks to provide certain recommendations to the management on various legal, financial and ethical aspects (Zhao et al. 2010). 2. Summarization of the issues of SR Ltd Similar to the other operating companies in the EP industry, SR Ltd is also facing a large number of challenges that may be summarized as follows: Lack of efficient financial and managerial capacity to test drill in the three new fields The possibilities of Farm-in and Farm-out Sustainability issues regarding the finite resources of oil and gas in which SR Ltd is dealing Corporate governance issues related to the practices of the outsourcer company- BoringHoles UK (Theodoropoulos, 2010) Summary of the ethical prospects within the issues Ethical challenge faced by the counterattack of CareGreen party that needs to be kept satisfied as per the Stakeholder analysis Comprehensive issue concerning the non renewable nature of oil and gas which may threaten the long term future of SR Ltd failure to maintain honesty and integrity as stated in the CSR policy of SR Ltd by forgoing the forgery issue of the outsourcer company BoringHoles UK (Kammen et al. 2004) Brief insight on the challenges Financial issue: The major issue haunting the management of SR Ltd is the availability of the adequate financial resources to compote the test drill in the newly acquired fields. The fields are all reported to be in shallow water. The average cost of drilling each shallow water production is around $ 30 million. Moreover, the actual production can commence only after the position and the size of the oil reserves are identified with the help of the test drill. Hence, this will involve huge financial costs for SR Ltd. Managerial issue: Although negligent, however SR Ltd also faces challenges related to recruitment and retention of required labor force for the test drillings in shallow waters. The huge numbers of oil and gas leakages accidents have contributed to the employee turnover rate in Sr Ltd (Jin and Jorion, 2006). Farm Out offer: Considering the financial constraint, SR Ltd has also decided to avail the farm out option to Drill Well. However, the company was facing problems with the option payment terms of DW and was apprehensive about the deal Sustainability issue: The protest of the Care Green party against the potential threats of the sustainable resources used by the companies in EP industry is creating a negative publicity for SR Ltd and is threatening the long-term future of the company. Corporate governance issue: The unethical signature forgery by the major outsourcer Boring Holes UK has also questioned the ethical integrity and honesty o SR Ltd as mentioned within their CSR reports (Hall and Vredenburg, 2012). 3. Evaluation of the issues 3.1 Financial issue As per the predicated financial forecast of the SR Ltd, the company needs to maintain 63 US$ million of cash needs in order to start the drilling tests in the three newly acquired fields. The company has thus considered the option of right issue and commercial loans in case of sourcing of finance for the cash needs of the new fields. The critical analysis of the article 1 shows that the shareholders of the Forglass, a fracking company were unhappy with cash call and unwilling to provide extra investment. If SR Ltd considers the option of right issue then the company may face the same problem with the shareholders as mentioned in the article (Armaroli and Balzani, 2011). The shareholders of SR Ltd may not be interested in making an extra investment considering the fact that the company has not yet made the dividend payments and has only declared to make a dividend payment of US $ 10 million at the beginning of the financial year of 2015. Thus, if the company continues to increase the equity through right shares then the return on total equity may decrease and the shareholders interest may be affected (Wei et al. 2010). Article 2 reports that majority of the banks are short of funds and are not ready to take risks related to commercial loans to the EP industries (Keller, 2012). Considering the predictions made by the financial manager of SR Ltd the gross operating profits are predicted to increase 48% considering an average increase in the oil prices by 5%. This shows that the companys operating profit for the year 2015 may rise which will make SR ltd eligible under the conditions of Bank of England to secure commercial loans. However, this long term liability will also give rise to potential amount of interest payments for the company in the long term (zhang, 2012). 3.2 Farm out offer Considering the financial problems faced by SR Ltd in respect of securing loan and right issues, the company offered a farm out option to the Drill Well (DW). As per the farm out deal DW agreed to make payments to SR Ltd in installments helping the company to commence with the drilling process. DW will make initial payment of US$ 2 Million on signing of the Georgia Test Drilling license. The next payment of US $ 2 million will be made at the commencement of the test drilling and the final US $ 6 million will be made on completion of test drilling for the purpose of oil production. However, in lieu of the investment of US $ 10 million, DW has made an offer to buy the proven reserves of Georgia at 10% discount than the current price that is US $ 11 Million per MMbbl (gas or oil) (He et al.2010). The problem thus faced by SR Ltd is that according to the geological surveys, the field of Georgia may yield around 8 to 10 MMbbl oil and gas that means that under the current price SR Ltd will have a gain of either US $ 88 million or US $ 110 million. Thus if the company avails the farm out offer then the company will lose on the revenue from the Georgia field. However DW also proposes that the price of the proven reserves will remain fixed at US $ 11 million irrespective of the changes in the price levels of oil and gas. Now considering this situation, the prices of the oil and gas are forecasted to increase by an average of 5%, which may be a revenue loss for DW. However SR Ltd will not sustain high loss in this regard. 3.3 Outsourcer Boring Holes UK In this section SR Ltd has to deal with the dual thought concerning the ethical punishment that the company should give to the major outsourcer company for their act of signature forgery. Although SR ltd has taken the decision to forgo the actions of BoringHoles UK, however as per section 1 of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 and Fraud Act 2006, the management at BoringHoles UK is legally punishable in the court of law. If SR Ltd forgoes the actions then the company may have to face future legal actions on the contrary if the company takes legal actions the company may lose an essential outsourcer, which may add to the problems of the company. However, the forgery of the signature done by the manger of BoringHoles UK on the control supervision log sheet did not cause any physical or monetary damage to SR Ltd. 3.4 Protest by the CareGreen party The stakeholder analysis of SR Ltd reveals that the company needs to keep the government and the social care organizations satisfied in terms of ethical considerations because the acts of the government and social organizations like CareGreen have high influence on the share price of the company (Yang, 2008). The protest by the CareGreen Party against the EP companies for their extensive exploitation of the finite fossil fuels has made the management of SR Ltd apprehensive about the image of the company. Thus to prevent a fall of the share prices and to retain the employees SR Ltd needs to take preventive actions. 4. Recommendations on the Issues The following reasonable recommendations can be given to SR Ltd after considering the various challenges. For financing options SR Ltd can opt for Mezzanine financing options which is a very common financial option availed by majority of the companies in EP industry. This option will give SR Ltd to acquire capital through loans (Christoff, 2011). The mezzanine financing loans will be readily available to SR Ltd because the lenders in this type of financing generally provides loan on the condition that if the company fails to pay the loan amount then the lender will acquire ownership of the shares of the company (Kaygusuz, 2002). In considering the farm out options, it may be suggested that since the financial options are very low for SR Ltd hence the company should accept the farm out option. Sr Ltd may in this respect get low revenues from the Georgia field however, an investments of US $ 10 million will prove to be effective for the drilling operations of SR Ltd. However SR Ltd may try to negotiate with DW on the discounted part of the contract term and may negotiate to reduce the discount rates. The reports of OPEC shows that the future demand for fossil fuels are likely to increase by 597% and the total exploration for the fossil fuels needs to be increased by 30 to 50% annually in order to meet the consumer requirements (Odi.org, 2015). Thus in order to manage the social organizations like Care Green, SR Ltd should generate a CSR report stating the future demands and also publish the reports of OPEC along with the CSR reports. SR Ltd in this regard needs to make affirmative media statements confirming that the company is not exploiting the finite resources rather the company is trying to produce the most economically used and valued resource that is oil and gas. SR Ltd should also confirm that they follow the norms under the ISO14000 and avoids drilling on roads thereby accepting the fields that are immersed in shallow water (Tordo et al.2010). The CSR activities of SR Ltd should also highlight activities like prevention of marine pollution, prevention of oil accidents, an d maintenance of health and safety policies in workplace, performance evaluation of the drilling machines and abiding of the environmental protection acts. In order to retain the employees and to make a positive image SR Ltd needs to make positive media presence. This includes displaying of video campaigns focusing on the lame conditions of the world in lack of oil and gas. Workplace videos should be made to show the potential applicants the benefits of working in an EP company. Finally, to fix the legal problem, the company may issue a legal warning notice to the management of BoringHoles UK mentioning that any future acts of forgery will cancel the contract between the outsourcer and SR Ltd. Moreover, in order to avoid future repeat of the same action, SR Ltd should place a high-level supervisor from within the internal employees in BoringHoles UK. Since the company did not suffer any physical or monetary loss for the act of forgery hence under the Forgery and Counterfeiting act the management of BoringHoles UK is not legally punishable. Reference list Armaroli, N., and Balzani, V. (2011). Energy for a sustainable world.Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. Christoff, J. (2011).Firms reported in open sources as having commercial activity in Iran's oil, gas, and petrochemical sectors. Washington, DC: U.S. Govt. Accountability Office. Hall, J., and Vredenburg, H. (2012). The challenges of innovating for sustainable development.MIT Sloan Management Review,45(1). He, J., Deng, J., and Su, M. (2010). CO 2 emission from China's energy sector and strategy for its control.Energy,35(11), 4494-4498. Jin, Y., and Jorion, P. (2006). Firm value and hedging: Evidence from US oil and gas producers.The Journal of Finance,61(2), 893-919. Kammen, D. M., Kapadia, K., and Fripp, M. (2004). Putting renewables to work: How many jobs can the clean energy industry generate.RAEL Report, University of California, Berkeley,13. Kaygusuz, K. (2002). Oil and Gas Production and Consumption in Turkey.Energy, Exploration Exploitation, 20(1), pp.37-50. Keller, E. A. (2012). Introduction to Environmental Geology, 5e. Odi.org, (2015).The fossil fuel bailout: G20 subsidies for oil, gas and coal exploration | Publication | Overseas Development Institute (ODI). [online] Available at: https://www.odi.org/publications/8678-fossil-fuel-bailout-g20-subsidies-oil-gas-coal-exploration [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Oilandgasuk.co.uk, (2015).Economic Forecasts - Oil Gas UK. [online] Available at: https://www.oilandgasuk.co.uk/forecasts.cfm [Accessed 20 Mar. 2015]. Theodoropoulos, T. (2010).The secret world of energy. Athens, Greece: Public Gas Corporation S.A. Tordo, S., Johnston, D. and Johnston, D. (2010).Petroleum exploration and production rights. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Wei, M., Patadia, S., and Kammen, D. M. (2010). Putting renewables and energy efficiency to work: How many jobs can the clean energy industry generate in the US?.Energy policy,38(2), 919-931. Yang, M. (2008). China's energy efficiency target 2010.Energy Policy,36(2), 561-570. ZHANG, K. (2012). Strategic replacement situation and outlook of China oil-gas production area.Petroleum Exploration and Development, 39(5), pp.547-559. Zhao, Z., Du, J., Zou, C., and Hu, S. (2011). Geological exploration theory for large oil and gas provinces and its significance.Petroleum Exploration and Development,38(5), 513-522.